Code-Switching Patterns in Infant Bilingualism: A Case Study of an Egyptian Arabic-English-Speaking Four-Year-Old Bilingual Child (2025)

Randa Gamal

2007

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327 pages

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The purpose of this sociolinguistic case study is to analyze the language processes and speech patterns of code-switching of an Egyptian Arabic-English-speaking threeyear-old girl named Sara. Sara, who is the daughter of the study's author, has been exposed to and has learned both languages simultaneously since she was nine months old. Family composition played an immense role in the language the parents used with their child and the language the child chose to speak. Sara's parents spoke to her in Arabic since she was born; thus, a one-language household model was used. At the age of nine months, Sara started to attend day care and was exposed to English for the first time. The integral role of the environmental influences of the English language were considered and examined with regard to Sara's language choices within the framework of family gatherings, community settings/activities, and recreation/leisure activities, and the positive influence of these contexts was assessed. Sara facilitated her natural communicative abilities by code-switching lexical items between Arabic and English and vice versa to complete her sentences. Lexical switches including nouns, verbs, and adjectives were the most susceptible to codeswitching. In addition, nouns and adjectives were code-switched more than verbs because of the incongruence in verbs between Arabic and English. Sara code-switched depending on the languague abilities of the interlocutor. However, there was no association between Sara's code-switching and the topics of conversation. It was found that the proportion of intersentential code-switching decreased over time and that of intrasentential code-switching increased during the three-year study. population of Arabs in the U.S. constituted an increase of 42% in 2000 as compared to 27% in 1980. According to the U.S. Census Bureau report, Most people with ancestries originating from Arabic-speaking countries or areas of the world are categorized as Arab. For example, a person is included in the Arab ancestry category if he or she reported being Arab, Egyptian, Iraqi, Jordanian, Lebanese, Middle Eastern, Moroccan, North African, Palestinian, Syrian, and so on. It is important to note, however, that some people from these countries may not consider themselves to be Arab, and conversely, some people who consider themselves Arab may not be included in this definition. (p. 1) Egyptians in the U.S. The Egyptian population increased more than any other Arab group during the 1990s. People who reported Egyptian ancestry grew by 64,000, an 82% increase between 1990 and 2000. In comparison, the Lebanese population increased only 12% during that decade, and the Syrian population increased by 10% (United States Census Bureau, 2000). Figure 3 shows the Arab population by ancestry according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. The figure indicates that the Egyptian population in the United States is the second-highest increasing Arab ethnicity.

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